04 Jul

Mr James’ Story: Blending Orthotics and Prosthetics to Restore Function After Bone Cancer

Mr James’ Story: Blending Orthotics and Prosthetics to Restore Function After Bone Cancer Mr James’ Story: Blending Orthotics and Prosthetics to Restore Function After Bone Cancer Mr James’ Story: Blending Orthotics and Prosthetics to Restore Function After Bone Cancer Mr James’ Story: Blending Orthotics and Prosthetics to Restore Function After Bone Cancer
 

When Routine Surgery Becomes Complex

When Mr James was in his 20s, he experienced a fall that triggered a painful lump in his right arm. After prescription painkillers failed to manage the pain, more investigations were carried out and Mr James was formally diagnosed with primary bone cancer in his humerus. While primary bone cancer is rare in itself, accounting for less than 1% of all cancer diagnoses, its treatment is routine practice in medicine today. His surgeon opted for limb-sparing surgery, which should have resulted in a normal functioning limb and minimal change to his everyday life. The surgery went as planned, with a small section in the centre of his humerus removed and a metal fixation rod inserted in its place to connect the remaining ends, but this would all soon change.

"The implant continued to cause me pain for several years after the first surgery, that's when I learnt that my body had rejected it and I had to have it taken out, which is why my arm sits how it does now. I asked the doctor if they would put another pin in but he said if he did, my body would just reject the pin again and my whole arm would have to come off." Said Mr James.

The 'done' thing at this stage would have been to amputate, but his surgeon was determined to preserve the perfectly operational parts of his lower arm, hand, and fingers. Mr James said, "Amputation wasn't the outcome I wanted. I took note of what the doctor advised, but I was already navigating being newly disabled, I wasn't ready to be even more disabled, especially when I could still drive and live on my own. I wanted them to try to save my arm." So, the internal fixation rod was removed leaving a gap in the bone, and with the support of the Orthotics department at Ipswich Hospital, they opted to trial new methods and technologies to help Mr James regain not only the use of his arm but also his independence.
 

Blending Orthotics and Prosthetics: A Unique Solution

Mr James technically had a complete limb, but without any bone for his bicep muscle to attach to, he didn't have the full functionality of a sound limb. To help support the shoulder, his medical team prescribed him an off-the-shelf subluxation cuff, but without the structure in his arm, his muscles weakened and moving his arm became increasingly difficult with time. After numerous attempts by the Orthotists on site, Steeper Orthotist, Damien Askew, who also has experience in Prosthetics, suggested an alternative brace design.

Damien commented, "When researching treatment outcomes for Mr James' presentation I found two papers that related to the removal of bone, but nothing further on orthotic or external prosthetic prescription." Drawing on his extensive knowledge and experience in both prosthetics and orthotics, Damien determined that a custom-made ortho-prosthesis would be the best option to utilise what joint range he had in his elbow and achieve an increase in functionality but, to do this effectively, he'd need some help.
 

Development of the Ortho-Prosthesis

The Steeper network throughout England and Scotland is vast, with around 40 prosthetic and orthotic clinical services available to circa 250,000 patient contacts. This extensive support network ensures that help is always nearby for our clinical team. As a result, Damien was able to easily seek additional advice from prosthetic specialists at our Billericay site to create a unique device tailored to Mr James' specific needs and presentation.

Prosthetic Workshop Manager, Roy Franks, spoke about the initial brief saying, "Damien informed me that the patient had no muscle in his upper arm, but unlike with the prosthetic sockets I usually produce, he still had a limb to accommodate. He had an idea of what he wanted to achieve and how the device would need to function. But to bring it to life, orthotic and prosthetic techniques needed to work alongside each other. So the question was - how do we solve this and how do we help the patient use his arm and give him some sort of control again?"

"A lot of it was to do with the positioning. We came up with a bivalve polypropylene shoulder socket that mimics the shape of the missing muscle tone. The inside is built up with soft padding for comfort and to help contain and pressurise the muscle for hydrostatic control, allowing for increased movement of the arm as he contracts his bicep and tricep. We spent a bit of time just taping it on him rather than bolting it in place because we didn't want to put loads of holes in it and then find out they were in the wrong place. And while the position of the straps didn't change, we altered the lengths a few times to get the tension exactly right to help reduce medial rotation of the shoulder." said Roy.

Damien added, "The forearm cuff is made out of leather because it's breathable and shapes to the skin well. The hinge is quite complicated in the fact that there are two, both on the inside and the outside that contain the arm in between to get support through the shoulder and through the forearm. As the forearm is fully functional and heavy, without the hinges and forearm cuff, it would cause the residual soft tissues to elongate and twist due to the lack of skeletal framework in-between the fore and upper arms."

The final piece of the puzzle was the joint. Presented with this challenge was Metalwork Team Leader, Ash Smithson. He said, "I'd never had to manufacture anything like this in my time at Steeper, a conventional joint would not have been suitable for this patient's requirements. Homing in on the expertise of my team, we worked together and came up with three potential joint designs that we continued to adjust to enhance the joint function. We were very happy with the finished brace as it looked good and had great functionality!"

 

Regaining Independence After Bone Cancer

The finished Made-to-Measure ortho-prosthesis that Mr James wears today is a result of numerous trial and error processes. From improving the design of weak joints to perfecting the position and shape of each cuff, his Steeper team stopped at nothing to make sure the device was functional and comfortable. With Damien even going as far to carry out multiple home visits to keep Mr James comfy and save money for the hospital trust. The device allows Mr James to use his arm, elbow, hand, and fingers, to carry out his everyday activities while also providing critical support by encapsulating the residual soft tissues to prevent them from elongating, which could potentially cause injury where the exposed bones remain.

It's been a long road for Mr James, and a recent kidney cancer diagnosis and lower limb weakness has decreased his mobility significantly, however, he remains resilient in the face of adversity and has dreams of documenting his experience with Bone Cancer in a book. He says, "I just want to keep going. I've had to keep going all my life, from day one, I was born during an air raid. I'm not going to stop now!"

Download Mr James' Story